MarkerTest Distribution
Commonly Abused Drugs
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Amphetamine: a psycho stimulant drug of the phenethylamine class that is known to produce increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite. Included in the class are methamphetamine (Methedrine), dexamphetamine (Dextroamphetamine), and amphetamine (Benzedrine).
Barbiturate: the largest as well as the most commonly used class of the synthetic sedative/hypnotics. In small doses, they are effective tranquilizers used in sedation and in relieving tension and anxiety. In larger doses, they are used as hypnotics to induce sleep. When large dosages do not produce sleep, signs of mental confusion, euphoria, and even stimulation might occur-effects that are similar to those of alcohol. Examples include butalbital (Fioricet) and phenobarbital (Luminal).
Benzodiazepine: a class of drugs used as antianxiety tranquilizers. Some are used to treat muscle spasms, convulsions, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The most common side effects are drowsiness, confusion, and loss of coordination. In combination with alcohol or barbiturates, these effects are additive. Included in the class are alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), and diazepam (Valium).
Buprenorphine (Subutex): a semi-synthetic partial opioid agonist used to treat opioid dependency in higher dosages (>2 mg). In lower doses, it is used to control moderate pain in non-opioid tolerant individuals.
Buprenorphine and Naloxone (Suboxone): contains a combination of buprenorphine, a partial opioid agonist, and naloxone, an opioid antagonist, which discourages misuse of the drug. Used in the treatment of opioid dependency.
Cannabinoids (THC): the constituents of marijuana.
Cocaine: an alkaloid refined from the cocoa plant that acts as a powerful, short-acting stimulant and is pharmacologically similar to amphetamines. Its effects include euphoria, restlessness, excitement, and a feeling of extreme well-being.
Fentanyl: a potent narcotic analgesic that has a rapid onset and short duration of action.
Hallucinogen: a major classification of natural and synthetic drugs whose primary effect is to distort the senses. Examples include LSD and PCP.
Methadone: a full opioid agonist used in the maintenance treatment of opioid dependency because it prevents opioid withdrawal symptoms and fulfills the patient's physical need for the drug.
Methamphetamine: a central nervous system stimulant similar to amphetamine sulfate but more potent. Methamphetamine is a member of the amphetamine class and is generally preferred by habitual amphetamine users. In intravenous form, it produces an almost instantaneous onset of the drug's effect. Slang names include meth, speed, and crystal.
Methaqualone (Quaalude): a nonbarbiturate sedative/hypnotic that produces sleep for six to eight hours. It also produces muscular relaxation, feelings of contentment, and total passivity.
Morphine: the principal active ingredient in opium. It may be considered to be superior to other pain relievers by practitioners.
Opiates: so named because they are constituents or derivatives of constituents found in opium, which is processed from the latex sap of the opium poppy. The major biologically active opiates in opium are morphine, codeine, thebaine, and papaverine. Semi-synthetic opioids such as heroin, oxycodone, and hydrocodone are derived from these substances, especially morphine, codeine, and thebaine.
Oxycodone: a semi-synthetic morphine derivative used as a pain reliever. Examples include Oxycontin, Roxicet, Percodan, Percocet, and Tylox.
Propoxyphene: a drug used to relieve mild to moderate pain. An example is Darvocet.
THC: tetrahydrocannabinol, the primary psychoactive compound in marijuana.
Tramadol: a centrally acting opioid analgesic, used in the treatment of moderate to moderately severe pain. An example is Ultram.
OTHER SECTIONS UNDER WHY UDT?